The meaning of Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The meaning of - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the literary argument that when studying at high school levels, it was evident that close of the academic papers were referred to as essays even up when some of them appeared as mere articles. In addition, most United States educators refer articles or essays as term or research papers. This forms the basis of my title the meaning of the term essay, where I tend to explore the distinction of the term essay and other literally works such as articles. This is mostly straightforward in the French history by essayist such as Montaigne in his pronounced office of the word essay in his literary work. The word essay has also been used to mean to examine, try, and to plan of attack to excuse something with being sure of succeeding. The association of essay with experiments also gets its root from the same idea of attempting to explain something. Francis Bacon also attempted to emphasize the lack of empirical support of essa y while attempting to establish its application program in social sciences or arts. The key characteristic that draws a line or creates a distinction between essays an article depends exclusively on the writers assumptions, objectives, personal ideas, and style or bodily structure of the literally material. A typical essay is not based on fixed place or a given time limit but unlike an article, it thrives on the ground of its original content. too unlike pale articles, essays insist on good and fluent language, in fact in the most excellent essays good language is not narrowly a medium of communication, but communication on its own.

DB5 Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB5 Part 1 - render ExampleHe connected with the canvas in a form of expression that had not previously been seen before. His work was excited, the paint on the canvas an infliction of his emotional self, much the same as is achieved by the solo artist, opera soprano singer, a classical pianist, and all the other artists whose art bears the infliction of their emotional commitment and intensity. For the art world, Pollocks work was the introduction of new and innovative ideas into an environment where vellicate had become the norm, and expressionism still in many ways resembled abstract. There was not a distinct plenteous approach between impressionism and abstract to differentiate it until Pollocks Convergence. Pollock ushered in what social scientists conjure up to as cultural convergence (Jenkins 2006 viii). That is when the new and old converge, transitioning to the new cultural direction (Jenkins 2006). Convergence is to the highest degree bridging the gap between the old and the new, transitioning to the new cultural direction, and building upon the old through new creative styles and expressions across the range of media and mediums (Jenkins 2006).

Sex Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sex Education - Essay ExampleThe line whether wake up education should be do mandatory in schools, will be supported along with a short discussion on the kind of the content that should be discussed or taught as mathematical function of hinge on education. Thus, I want to argue that not only should sex education be made mandatory, but it should also be effectively taught tutelage in mind, the practical issues and peer pressures teenagers face and thereof help students overcome modern personal crisis and ultimately, help in their psychological and social upbringing.The current scenario of sex education in US is not quite encouraging or effective. Either it is taught ineffectively, or it is taught holding one goal in perspective - to perpetuate abstinence and post-marital sex. Therefore, the first question one has to convey is What constitutes sex education Sadly, when one tries to answer this, there arises the conflict between cultural values, how much is enough, and whether sexual urge constitute both biological and behavioral science. Does sex education also attempt to explain the family between sexuality and media, religion, law, culture, arts and gender I strongly feel that it should.Sexuality constitutes our image of ourselves, determines our predilection and sexual health, and affects our social skills, relationships and sexual behavior. Hence, sex education has a huge responsibility to play, contrary to favorite opinion, and this can determine the human development of a child, who is the future citizen of a country. Is the ultimate lead of sex education to stop teenage pregnancy If so, then the role of sex education becomes quite invalidating and conservative in nature. It then aims to eradicate a social evil and prejudices the childs mind, rather than helping them to impinge on up a stand with the help of their own free will. Any form of force or action is always less effective than something that has been done from the inner self will. Thi s should be the proper aim of sex education. Sometimes sex education becomes a bitter power play and a best instrument in the hands of various political organizations. It is a political tool and US has confront such political tug of war in the field of sex education since the 60s. In spill the beans about Sex the Battles over sex education in the United States1, Janice M. Irvine says that, The efforts of national evangelical organizationsall of which match comprehensive sex education, abortion, sexual representation in the media, and gay rights - gained momentum on legislative and indemnity fronts during Bushs administration (Irvine, xv). Since the Victorian time the myth of childishness innocence has always been upheld and the true picture of childhood and various discourses have been developed to propagate this very form of truth. The image of the child as sexual being therefore provokes religious, political and social controversies that are rooted in deep object lesson sham e and fear about tarnishing this popular picture of childhood innocence by sex dialogue (Irvine 13, 14). Nevertheless, we are evolving as a society and sex education should provide valuable knowledge keeping in mind the current social crisis that children face - without which a growing child may be exposed to greater exploitations and danger. The physical, emotional and psychological outfall after sex can have

Our Interactions With Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our Interactions With Media - act ExampleFun is derived if one has played the sport before. Despite being a family, it was easier to use it for since its a game that they employ to play and they are passionate ab place it. The three selected are exclusively females. The mother is a nurse in a nearby hospital and the niece has just graduated as an accountant. The daughter is in the secondary level learning. Observations As they played the wii sport computer game, it was very limpid that the all enjoyed the game and as the nature of the game is that full concentration is a must for gambol derivation. Two players were playing at a time and whoever wins plays with the next. It was really painful for one to stay disc flake out as she waited for her next turn. The nature of the game is such that one would wish to play again and again. The play version was the one they enjoyed the most and whenever the ball missed the hole one could even stand up and throw away the remote control sin ce that will mark cumulatively the end of the game for her. On the other hand, whoever was on the winning side could keep on and rejoice. The mother was like the expert and she was not knocked out at any given time. It was her daughter and the niece whom were constantly knocked out interchangeably. It reached a time where the mother was no longer celebrating even after winning since it was becoming boredom on her side. She decided finally allowed the both young stars to face out. This was the most interesting bit since everyone at their discretion hoped to outdo the other. The pain to lose here was much and the first round the daughter won. She could not believe. The niece at some point could celebrate in style that irritated the daughter. After the whole session of serious play, I asked them some hesitancys. Of the quintet questions I had the answers to two of which I considered too obvious. The person whom was perceived the best of the three was the mother. I asked of them and it was drop off that the more one play the better and sharper they became. It was likely that the mother had played the wii sport for quite an a long duration of time. The mothers response to questions was precise and it depicted a jackpot of maturity. A question that called for response from all the three was a bit technical since the two children were a bit hesitant in their responses as compared to the mother. The similarity of the responses from the two children in my own perspective was greatly attributed to the age factor. This also brought the difference with their mother because of the great age gap. The differences were interesting since I expected the children to go into fully in the answering of the questions given that they are the ones who seemed to be carried away with the computer game than the mother. The question to whether they would like to play the game again and again was responded d to differently and by this I call it was because the difference in the st age of human development and also other pre-occupational factors. Critical speculation is a school of thought which stresses on the reflective assessment and critique of society and culture by applying friendship from the social sciences and the humanities. The setup created a reflective situation that brought in proper analisation of the computer games. As a term, critical theory has two meanings with different origins and histories the first originated in sociology and the second originated in literary criticism, whereby it is used and applied as an all in one term that can describe a theory founded

Black community of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Black fellowship of America - Essay ExampleSame applies to the political system. agree to Professor Greenburg, there is a slight difference between white and disastrous children, when it comes to political system, because the black children a they grow older become less supportive. The blacks are really invisible men when it comes to political region. Possible racial differences in political socialization are persisting.Meredith v Jefferson had been an interesting case showing a slight flaw in the policy of modern schooling. Education system in America over the days had been painstakingly non-racial. Americans have been happy over the education policies that treated the children equally, irrespective of class, region, creed and race. Minority children had non been marginalized in any way. Still, in Kentuckys Jefferson County, some Black children were subjected to long journeys up to three hours to reach schools and return, for the open reason, because there existed a law sayin g that every public school should not have much than 50% black student population, but not less than 15%. The law existed not collectable to racial discrimination, but only because it was thought not to have too overwhelming a legal age of any race. Only a minority number of students were affected due to this law, resulting in long journeys disbursement more time than they should to reach school and back home. It was as well argued that children and their parents were kept out of the entire community because they go to a far off schools and that community could not belong to them as they were not go of it. The current arrangement, instituted in 2001, has some students being bused cross-county, taking up more time per day than closely students spend in transit in several weeks. It poses obvious logistical issues and detaches children and their parents from the communities they call home, parents say http//docket.medill.northwestern.edu/ chronicle/003698.php Parents were also u pset about the long process of annual admissions to magnet and non-magnet schools, and brought a civil crusade against the county in the US District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The claim was that their childrens equality rights have been violated, and this special(prenominal) act was against the 14th Amendment on the Equal Protection Clause and the District Court upheld this claim and gave the interest rulingThe 2001 Plan is a proper fit because it is sufficiently flexible to determine school assignments for all students by a host of factors, such as residence, student choice, capacity, school and program popularity, pure chance and race. (ibid). It also opined that the plan was narrowly tailored and should not have been based on race alone, which could give a discriminatory glossary to it, because America is not a separated society any more, like it was in the 1950s. The attorney representing the county argued that a small amount of inconvenience is negligible w hile comparing to the diversity that prevailed due to the plan in educational institutions. The plan came into existence in 1975 and under this plan, the Board maintained the same system for 25 years. POLITICAL

BIOLOGY Paper - Amphibian Development - Human Development Essay

BIOLOGY Paper - Amphibian Development - Human Development - testify Examples belong to Tetrapods or four-legged vertebrates and are considered as ectothermic vertebrates.3 Physically, frogs skin is smooth, has three-chambered heart, and does not comport claws on their toes. Frogs usually lay their nut in water until it hatches to into tadpole or larva. Tadpoles has to be on the water since they breathes with their gills. Chicks are classified as endothermic vertebrates. 3 Their physiological appearance includes skin cover with feathers, has four-chambered heart, lightweight bones that are hollow, and with wings. Similar to frogs, chicks also lay eggs.In comparison between the eggs produced by chicks and frogs, the egg that comes from chicks has more vitellus than the frogs. Since kind-hearted fertilized egg or the zygote does not give any yolk, we will take into consideration the frogs reproduction and development as the scoop choice in comparison with the human reproduction a nd development process.There is a huge variety between a frog egg (mesolecithal egg) and human ova (egg cells). Mesolecithal egg has a moderate amount of yolk being distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the egg with more concentration towards the vegetal pole. On the other hand, the human ova do not show traces of yolk. Also, the external portion of the frog egg has a smooth step up while the human ova has an uneven surface.Frog egg is divided into a dark pigmented hemisphere called the animal(prenominal) hemisphere while the lightly pigmented hemisphere is known as the vegetal hemisphere. The gray crescent is the dorsal surface of the embryo that plays a role in establishing the embryonic axis. See figure 1.Human ova, measures approximately 0.2 mm. in diameter, are enclosed within the egg follicles of the ovaries.5 The cell substance of the ovum i is called oplasm.10 (in amphibians, oplasm is equivalent to the yolk) The nucleus is known as the germinal vesicle while the nucl eolus is the germinal spot. The ovum is enclosed by a thick transparent envelope called the

Personal perspective paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

personal perspective paper - Essay ExampleBeing a female and the first born, I gull understood the different responsibilities that life brings with itself. If I am given a chance to study in the business school and do my MBA, I would be better able to under footstall the world markets as I already have an idea about the mannerisms in which the different markets already exist within and the methodologies they have adopted towards the foreign traders, marketers and the like. The undergraduate degree in management that I have win is something that I can look up to when I pursue my MBA degree program. This MBA would eventually make me stand in a league of professionals who are on the go and want to achieve more than and more out of life. I will get a better paying job and the ease of judgment that I have so much wished and yearned for, with the passage of time. All said and done, I wish to call myself getting established in a financial institution and see progress happening for me left, even off and center. I want to make money, more and more of it, so that I could make my career solid and a better living is bestowed upon me nonetheless. Thus I decided to pursue my MBA because I felt I was lagging behind in life and I needed to do much more than I had already done. I needed to understand myself a whole lot more and for that, I essential study further and an MBA is the key to know more about things, more about the world in general. A better and more comforting life is what I dream of, in the long thaw and for it to happen it is pertinent to attain the education that I am longing to have.Having said all that and later the details that I have given about myself and my personality, I would request the said authorities to reach me for admission to the business school so that it could polish my personality as well as follow up my dream to gain more and more about the big world of corporate giants and all that comes on with that. I would be

To what extent can growing poverty be blamed on the advance of Essay

To what extent merchant ship growing poverty be blamed on the offer of globalization - Essay ExampleGlobalisation is defined by Pugel (20045) as the process of an increased consanguinity between national economies through international trade, foreign direct investments by multinational firms, and international financial investments. Increased inter-nation trade results in the increased need for the redistribution of pricing and goods in a way that entrust ensure market place equilibrium is arrived at. As a result, nations may undergo periods of un betrothal, reduced prices of their nations rude(a) resources, as well as low standards of life. On the other hand, Pugel (2004) argues that some countries undergo periods of inflation, increased employment demand, as well as increased living standards thus there will be twain gains and losses as a result of wealth redistribution. In order to establish comparisons between brusque and rich nations, definition and measurement of inequ ality is vital. Once determined, it is possible to evaluate and measure the effects of globalization on the nations status. According to Birdsall (2002), inequality is the disparity of peoples living standards and their income in different countries. In addition, the World Bank categorises those in developing nations living under a horse per day and those in medium economies living under two dollars a day as inadequate (Eswar, Rajan and Arvind, 2007). In contrast, the trio posits that a person in the more developed economies of the US, Japan, and Europe trying to stick out on under a thousand dollars is relatively poor as the cost of life is these economies is farther greater than this amount. There is a rising increase in the income gap between the rich and the poor with many regions worldwide recording figures of 25% or more people living on little than a dollar a day (Ikubolajeh, 2002). According to Pranab (2007), poor people with less income have confine and or less access to the global wealth. A 2003 research revealed that the richest fifth of the global population garnered 85% of the globes income whereas the poorest fifth managed only 1.4% of the globes income (Eswar, Rajan and Arvind, 2007). Comparing the GDP between poorest and richest nations crosswise the globe over the past century results in a constantly increasing and or getup income gap an indicator that the gap of income has augmented and has continued with the said(prenominal) trend. Apart from income, the standards of living can alike be used to measure a countrys level of poverty. Sri Lanka shares impressive social indicators as those of developed nations, for instance, life expectancy, literacy rates, mortality rates and population growth rate in the country is same as that of developed nations. Despite this, the country has a low income. Poverty of a country can be measured by fourteen major indicators that have been further subdivided into four sections namely understructure for development, growth and poverty reduction, human development, and governance and investment climate (Pugel, 2004). A number of factors can be used to drive economic growth and development, for instance increased educational standards and economic policies such as openness to international trade. Inequality exists in terms of living conditions and standards of livin

Dell Computers - Supply and Demand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

dingle Computers - Supply and Demand - Assignment ExampleConsumers consider an option of purchasing cheaper products because there argon numerous suppliers in the market. Moreover, the monopoly force is low within the industry. customer service affects demand especially within an industry that is experiencing stiff rivalries. This is because customers are likely to purchase from industries that vortex satisfactory services. Consequently, elements such as online services and convenient procedures have the potential of affecting the demand of dingles products. Lastly, an improved economy leading to increased consumer income would increase the demand of Dells products (Mankiw, 2011).The master(prenominal) factors affecting the supply of Dell products include state of technology, political disturbance, the future price level, and the price of think products (Mankiw, 2011). Technological development is likely to reduce the cost of product as manufactures utilize economical and co st-efficient procedures. This enhances production rates, which increases supplies. Furthermore, political disturbances affect supplies because they affect the products production and distribution. Political instabilities discourage the production and distribution of products causing a decrease in supplies (Frank & Bernanke, 2012). Future expectation of increase prices leads to shortages in supplies because distributors are likely to hold products. Lastly, changes in the prices of other related products may increase or decrease the supplies of Dells products depending on the relationship (Mankiw,

Judicial Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

juridical Review - Essay ExampleWho leave alone then protect the ordinary citizen from suffering from the wrath of the angry Queen of Hearts and give them a chance to have their cases reconsidered and to achieve procedural and substantive justiceOur saviour is of course the remedy of Judicial Review which has become more of an eye sore to the Executive in the yester decades as the Judiciary continues to cave in and balance an unruly, highly political executive particularly after the new Constitutional Reform conduct 2005 and the not so new-made Human Rights Act 1998 which seems to have absorbed in the veins of judicial activism and recent case law with much ease.This Paper explores the process of judicial review of administrative action in the United queerdom in the context of its constitutional significance. ... migration and Terrorism law post 9/11 and 7/7).Although there have been attempts to circumvent the scope and effect of the doctrine of Judicial Review in the past ( An isminic Ltd. v. Foreign Compensation Commission2) ,the most recent has been the notorious ouster clause in the initiation and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants) Bill which has provoked an outcry from the human rights lobby and the constitutional law experts. Also monumental is the role of the Human Rights Act 1998 which has to some extent resolved the debate whether judicial review should be ground on common law or statute.3 Power must be Checked by Power4The constitutional basis of Judicial review lies in the concept of checks and balances where as the actions of the members of the executive will be checked by the Judiciary to see whether they have gone beyond their power to prevent the haughty abuse of power. Traditionally the English approach to a systematisation of judicial review was remedial based and thus similar to the development of the prerogative writs5 which developed as personal requests by an individual to the King for the redressal of a wrong suffered by another individual.6The UK has no separate system of administrative courts (and the concept neer found favour with the system either eversince the abolition of infamous prerogative Star Chamber).Thus the present administrative review system of England can be described as a body that combines both a substantive body of law containing grounds of review and a large number of administrative tribunals dealing with statutory appeals from decisions of public bodies. The subject of judicial review of administrative action thus requires a banter of the role of the courts in devising and applying constraints to the exercise of

Self-reliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-reliance - Essay ExampleEmerson emphasizes on the engage of knowing oneself and capabilities. It has been observed that a man who considers himself genius is often left-out or abandoned by the world. His norms or his customs become strange to the plenty. Emerson continues with the thought that society is the main influencing factor on the lives of such people who eventually comprise on their values, beliefs and customs to make the world and the society happy. A person should be allowed to live his life which he believes is good for him anyone who creates a pattern in his life can be considered as defying his nature or his sphere of life. The lines explores that a person should non follow the pattern which is pinched for him by other people. He needs to think challenging steps to explore the beauty of life. rattlepated people can only follow the norms and customs without knowing whether they are beneficial for him or not but wise men dont do that. Wise men follow the system of logic and rationale behind everything.People supplicate without knowing the true essence and meaning of the prayers. A prayer is a form of faith that a person has on God. Emerson in his essay has stressed on the need of praying honestly and with all faith. In his essay, arrogance, he has clearly stated that people pray to get their worldly desires to be fulfilled in a mean and selfish way. Prayers should be drop off of meanness they should be pure and genuine. According to Emerson, our prayers are more focused on the fulfillment of our individual(prenominal) means at the cost of others. He states in his essay that our prayers can be exemplified as a means to effect a private end is meanness and theft. Only by being self-reliance and determined we can pray with all our honesty. According to him our prayers should not be focused on attaining our individualized goals they should have a wider sphere of benefits for us and for the humanity. A self reliant soul would ask beyond his means from God. As a

ECONOMICS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ECONOMICS - Assignment recitationan observe presently, the two main providers for the area of Michigan are AT&T and Comcast they may be creating conditions that make other entries into this market difficult.Governor Granholm of Michigan signed the legislation document c whollyed Public Act-480 on Dec 21, 2006, which aimed at providing flushed rivalry for getting video services in the state of Michigan. era Michigan Public Service Commission is responsible to implement the act, to oversee that the franchisee agreement is uniform for all the entrants, the agency has no authority to regulate any service provider under this act, as a public utility provider.However, even with the limited powers of the agency, it has authority to review all disputes among consumers and service providers, between two providers, between the franchisee and its provider entity...................(Video/Cable)Although AT&T as well as Comcast may be happy with the legislation, they admit that the prices off ered to consumers, for either bundled packages or individual packages, have shown an increase, after the legislation. Hence, it is essential for the following action, which should be taken by the regulatory authority, MPSC, to monitor and suggest effective ways for bringing in healthy competition.MPSC should compile the data with regard to the households that get services from AT&T as well as Comcast, to know whether they have followed the requirement of the ACT-480, which warrants that they provide cable service to at least 30% of the their call back subscribers..MPSC should prepare a list of new entrants who are desirous of making the services available in the area, so that the opportunity of uniform franchisee policy agreement is available to them as well, which will increase the competition in the area.The agency responsible for overlooking and monitoring of the act should take their action seriously to ease making the act achieve its goal, as the legislators intended. However , the implementing agency

Vascular Access in Continous Renal Replacement therapy Essay

Vascular Access in Continous Renal Replacement therapy - Essay physical exertion24). CRRT implements diffusion (haemodialysis), convection (haemofiltration) or combines these two methods (heamodiafiltration) in order to achieve solute remotion from the blood. Small molecular cant over substances like potassium, urea and creatinine are effectively removed with haemodialysis (Kellum, Mehta, Angus, Palevsky and Ronco, 2002, p.1858). For larger solute molecules, heamofiltration is the most efficient method of their removal in comparison with dialysis. In haemofiltration, filtration of plasma through the semi-permeable membrane is get downd by hydrostatic pressure. In addition, solutes cross the membrane alongside the plasma which results in convective solute transport flowing in the aforementioned(prenominal) direction as water (Medve, Preda and Gondos, 2010, p. 104). Therefore, haemofiltration needs the use of replacement fluid to avert excessive removal of fluid, electrolyte depl etion as well as iatrogenic acidosis. Since the plasma solute niggardliness is the same as that of the removed filtrate, concentration of the solutes in the blood plasma remaining need to be diluted using substitution fluid. The use of combined convective and diffusive clearance as well as haemofiltration is effective for removal of large and little(a) molecular weight solutes (Joannidis and Oudemans-van Straaten, 2007, p. 219). Modalities The several modalities of CRRT available are continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) and continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVHD). In scathe of solute clearance rate, CRRT is lower in comparison with IHD (Intermittent haemodialysis treatments). However, balance clearance within the 24 hr period that CRRT is undertaken is much higher. Moreover, fluid elimination during CRRT is much slower and requires continuous use of anticoagulants which risks bleeding (Uchino, Bellomo, Morimatsu, Morgera, et al. 2007, p. 1567). continual veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) There is counter-flow of blood and dialysis solution within the dialysis puree Blood flows at a speed of in the midst of 100 and 200ml/min Dialysis solution speed is amidst 1 and 2 l/h optimization of the ultrafiltration speed is dictated by convective transport of dissolved substances and volume loss. The removal of solutes is done simultaneously by both diffusion and convection Substitution fluid is used to replace lost fluid Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) remotion of solutes occurs via convective transport Ultrafiltrate which is produced must be replaced using a substitution solution Removal of ultrafiltrate may cause patients volume loss Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVHD) There is counter-flow of blood and dialysis solution within the dialysis filter Blood flows at a speed of between 100 and 200ml/min Dialysis solution speed is between 1 and 2 l/h The administration of fluid is not routine Solute removal occurs through diffusion Principles and Indications Membrane characteristics must be considered when choosing treatment modalities of CRRT. These characteristics include biocompatibility, solute removal and water permeability (Fall and Szerlip, 2010, p. 583). In general, efficiency of small molecules in CRRT is largely depended on

Investigating Decision-Making Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Investigating Decision-Making Methods - Essay ExampleThis paper looks at ways of making the best finiss using the case of miller as the case study (Lindblom, 2008). It similarly gives an insight to some of the ways to mitigate issues and or conflict of interest that whitethorn arise as one is handling different groups.The case study involves Mr Miller who is new to the civilize and on his maiden day is welcomed by two groups. The first group wanted Mr Miller to establish ability assort at the school as they argued that the slow children took a lot of instructional time leaving precisely few hours for the gifted children. The second group however wanted no change and was the view that everything was running well at the school and they wanted no changes at the school. Mr Miller was left with a major problem which was to make sure that the two groups came to an understanding and if not make a stopping point that would be fair by acting with integrity and in ethical manner. The re are different decision making approaches that Mr Miller could employ and try and resolve this problem. First there is the autocratic approach whereby Mr Miller makes a decision without consulting any other party in the school community. This is cited as one of the winged forms of decision making as there are no other people involved that may stall the decision making process. Ignoring what others may have to say and assessing the problem and making a decision may not be received well by the community. Being a new school draw it is very important for Mr Miller to have the community backing him up and not to scribble having his decisions challenged by everyone including his faculty staff.Secondly Mr Miller might use the consultation approach where a leader seeks the advice of the followers and after giving him the ideas, opinions and suggestions the leader makes the decision based on these contributions on his own. This approach may also be

Human Resources Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Human Resources - Term piece ExampleIt is because of the quality of human being choice and proper management of human imaging that an placement is open to differentiate itself from others and the disposal is able to attain competitive advantage (Blau, 1978).Organization invests in different projects and assets so that they would ante up returns to the company in the long run and the company only invests in them if the expected abide by of the returns of the projects or assets would be more than their total present investment cost. This theory lowlife also be linked to the human resource of the judicature and faces invest in human resource so that they would yield them profits in the years to come and help the organization to grow as a thriving venture. As human resource is the most distinguished asset of the organization and therefore it is imperative for the organization to properly manage its human resource so that the investment yields maximum return (Roslender, 199 7). There can be different chassiss of investment on human resource like the cost of training, cost associated with recruitment of employees etc and therefore it is important for the management to properly analyse the cost and returns that human resource would yield and for this purpose, human resource accounting has emerged as the solution (Mirvis, & Lawler III, 1984). The concept of human resource accounting is the process by which organization analyses and comp atomic number 18s the investment that they have made in the human resource and the benefits that human resource yields to the organization (Pyle, 1970). This learning about the cost and benefit of human resource is then conveyed to the interested parties in the organization. This kind of investment is not reported in the conventional financial statements of the organization however this investment is an important one for the long run success of the organization. This report analyses the concept of human resource account ing and how organization uses the concept of human resource accounting along with the importance of human resource accounting. In entree to this, this report also discusses about different orders with which organizations analyses the performance and cost of employees in an organization and limitations of each method and then the conclusion. Concept of human resource accounting and how organization uses it Human Recourse Accounting is the call used to measure the worth and cost of their organizations employees. Thus, it is the process of identifying, quantifying and communicating the data and information about Human Recourses to the parties involved (Roslender, & Dyson, 1992). It is an effort to identify and report the investments and funds made in organizations human recourse that be presently not accounted for in the usual accounting practices. variant organizations use the idea of human resource accounting in different ways. With the passage of time, more and more organizatio ns have started implementing this concept considering its importance not only for the human resource department to better adjudicate the performance of individuals but as it helps in improving the long profitability of the organization as they are able to identify which human resource or employee is most important to the organization and which human resource should be included in their long run plan and therefore using human resource accounting the management is able to plan things in a better way (Caplan, & Landekich, 1974). However, despite of an increase use of human resource accounting in different industries around the world, still there are several organizations that do not utilize this concept. Human resource acco

Consensual Relationships Agreements ( CRA) Case Study

Consensual Relationships Agreements ( CRA) - display case Study ExampleIn this connection, the Consensual Relationship Agreement (CRA) between the work people and the employer is chiefly regarded as a written contract in which the working people belonging to an organization halt to follow various policies relating to workplace that are established by the employer. The written agreement as well states that the working people agree to discard certain attitudes or behaviors that might offend early(a)s in the working place. In this particular agreement, the employees or the staffs also agree to behave professionally and not to permit the relationship to impede their work performances. Through this particular relationship agreement, the working people of a particular organization also promise to report all sort of harassments that might prevail in the working place to the higher(prenominal) authority of the organization (Appleby, 2007).Along with the need of executing consensual a greements in the workplace, there also lie in certain different reasons which might possess negative impact for the employees with the implementation of Consensus Relationship Agreements (CRA) in any organization. The different reasons for the negative impact of the workplace agreement include unfavorable effect upon the morale of the employees, topic of favoritism and potential interest conflicts among the staffs that ultimately can affect the working performances of the staffs (Edwards & Angell LLP, 2005).In this context, the morale of the employees who accord to be a part of Consensus Relationship Agreements (CRA) greatly suffers at a particular time when the other employees of the organization enjoy superior as well as well advanced job assignments along with other opportunities of working operations. This particular factor ultimately helps to raise the aspect of favoritism and also unfavourably affects upon the working performance of the employees due to the relationship agr eement

Why did revolution in Russia succeed in February 1917 Essay Example for Free

Why did revolution in Russia succeed in February 1917 EssayIn the Russian Revolution of 1905 there was a clear trait among revolutionary and reformist ideologies. Such ideological divisions were victimized by the tzarist government and resulted in the pacification of the liberals and the peasants, and the crushing of the lying-in by the loyal armed forces. In marked contrast, the February Revolution of 1917 exhibited a larger, stronger and more united opposition to tsarism which, combined with the defection of the armed forces, was able to succeed in toppling the tzar and his autocratic regime. The switching loyalty of the armed forces and the greater unity in February 1917 were consequences of three interrelated factors the depression World War actions of the czar and grave political discontent.Whilst the Russo-Japanese War, a precursor to the 1905 Revolution, did not break the belief of the armed forces, the sheer scale and severity of the First World War proved fundam ental in altering their allegiances. It is valuable to recognise that the loyalty of the army to the Tsar in 1905 was crucial in defeating the proletariat revolutionaries as evidenced by the suppression of the Moscow Uprising. By 1917 the army was so irreparably disillusion that their loyalty no longer resided with the Tsar. The reasons for such disillusionment lie in the disastrous nature of the Russian war effort. First and foremost, military defeats at the Battle of Tannenberg, and the loss of Russian Poland to the Germans, had devastating effects on soldier morale.Such morale was also affected by how dangerously under-equipped the army was there were, for example, a million more men than rifles. The enormous casualties from 1914-17 of almost two million, much greater than those of the Russo-Japanese War, also worked to quick diminish support for the Tsar. The defection of the army in February 1917, a culmination of such discontent and disillusionment, meant that the Tsar had no coercive weapon by which to stifle revolution. This consequently worked to make his abdication an inevitability. This is not the bushel reason for the success of the February Revolution however. The actions of the Tsar, in relation to the war, also proved significant in modify those traditionally loyal to him.In 1905 the Tsar was very much behind the scenes criticism towards him was not as sharply focussed as it was by 1917. In 1915, by appointing himself as Commander in main(prenominal) of the military, the Tsar managed to directly implicate himself in all war failures. This inextricable link between the Tsar and the war, strengthened by his incompetence as a military strategist, is a key factor as to why his previously loyal army defected, which, as discussed, led to the success of the February Revolution. The Tsars conclusiveness to take such a role helped alienate his other support bases as well such as the Liberals in the State Duma and the nobility. With Nicholas I I assuming his new role in the military, the Tsarina Alexandra was left(p) in charge of governing day-to-day affairs in Petrograd.This initially caused social and political hullabaloo as the Tsarinas German origins made her wildly unpopular and triggered allegations that she was aligned with the enemy. Her relationship with the hugger-mugger mad monk Rasputin, and the considerable influence he seemed to wield over government affairs, fuelled notwithstanding estrangement with the royal family and generated allegations that they were simply marionettes with Rasputin pulling the strings. Rasputins harmful influence on the home front further damaged the Tsars reputation. In particular, by appointing Alexander Protopopov as Interior Minister, a ask of Rasputins, the Tsar managed to exacerbate the economic dislocation caused by the war as Protopopov proved ineffective in managing his responsibility of allocating food supplies.The fact that Rasputin was ultimately killed by supporters of Tsarism is a testament to his unpopularity and the out-of-sync nature of the Tsar and Tsarina. Whilst not becoming revolutionaries, both the Liberals and the nobility viewed the Tsar as an obstacle for the survival on monarchic rule. In 1905 the Tsar managed to survive by appealing to the Liberals, thus dividing the opposition. The refusal of the Provisional Government (formed out of the State Duma) to fortune power with the Tsar, as the Revolution elevated and the army defected, meant that no such strategy could be repeated. unite with the defection of the army, this doomed the Tsar. It was the Tsars actions in relation to the war which contributed to the Provisional Governments decision.With the army refusing to crush the workers unlike in 1905, the Tsars only chance of survival fix with the Liberals in the State Duma who had formed the Provisional Government. As explored, the Provisional Government refused to cooperate with the Tsar in February 1917. This is partly due to an intensification of contempt felt towards the Tsar as a result of his actions during the war. It is also important to explore the political discontent felt by the Liberals post-1905 as a reason relating to their rejection of the Tsar. The Tsar had placated the Liberals in 1905 through the declaration of the October Manifesto, which promised them the constitutional monarchy they had aspired for. The dumas, whose power was restricted through the Fundamental Laws of 1906 and the strict criteria for the electorate, fell shortstop of Liberal expectations.The Tsars inability to recognise the need for reform of some sort, illustrated by his wantonness of the progressive State Duma, further enhanced Liberal opposition to the Tsar. The Tsar had made it apparent that he was not interested in reform. Especially considering the backhanded nature of the political concessions which helped save him in 1905 by February 1917 each concessions made or offered would have been treated with great scep ticism. The Liberals, in a sense, learned a lesson from the superficiality of the October Manifesto. After a plea to share power, the Tsar was refused by Mikhail Rodzianko, head of the Provisional Government, and the Tsar was subsequently advised by army chiefs and remaining ministers to abdicate. Unlike in 1905 where there was ideological disunity, exploited by the Tsar, in February 1917 there was a collective agreement across all groups in Russian society that the Tsar needed to be gone.To conclude, the Russian Revolution of 1905 failed as a result of the calming of the Liberals (and peasants), and the subsequent crushing of the proletariat by the loyal military. The February Revolution of 1917 succeeded on the grounds that, firstly, the armys loyalties no longer resided with the Tsar, and secondly, that the Liberals wished not for compromise with the Tsar, but to overthrow him.The change in attitudes of these two groups, traditionally loyal to the Tsar, can be attributed primari ly to the First World War and the Tsars actions. If the war wasnt damaging enough to the Tsar, his decision to take a front seat in military affairs further diminished his support from the army. With regards to the Liberals, there were ultimately no political concessions he could make to hold onto power. In the words of historian Edward Action by stubbornly refusing to reach any modus vivendi with the Progressive Bloc of the Duma Nicholas undermined the loyalty of even those closest to the throne and opened an unbridgeable breach between himself and public opinion.

Benefits of Activity Based Costing Essay Example for Free

Benefits of Activity Based be experimentIn order to make a profit on output, the firm would pee-pee to charge a price that is great than the cost of proceedsion. Generally, the cost of production is understood to be the cost of producing a secure plus the cost of transportation to the consumer. In order to stay in dividing line, and in that locationfore, to avoid losses at all possible be the firm must cover all costs related to the production of the good and include all costs to deliver the same to the consumer at a price that is higher(prenominal) than the cost of production.The operating or overheard expenses of an enterprise atomic number 18 generated by its activities to perform its business and/or manufacturing processes successfully. As its name implies, body process based costing relates the costs facing the enterprise to its various activities. By so doing, this dodging of costing provides pretty accurate information about costs, allowing businesses to eff ectively manage their smash expenses in order to increase their revenues (Cooper, 1988). It is only commonsensical that companies whitethorn work on cutting their costs one time they know what is driving these costs.By improving their processes in order to cut costs, businesses may realize greater profits than before. What is more, by identifying high costing activities needed to produce authoritative goods or serve certain customers, companies may decide to concenter instead on low costing products or customers by cut back their production of or service to high costing products or customers. In this way, they may shift their focus to products or customers that be more profitable to produce or to serve. Thus, management experts cite the following benefits of legal action based costing as opposed to traditional methods of costingIdentifying the most and least profitable customers, products and channels. hold the true contributors to and detractors fromfinancial performance. Accurately predict costs, profits and resource requirements associated with changes in production volumes, validational building and resource costs. Easily identify the root causes of poor financial performance. Track costs of activities and work processes. meet managers with cost intelligence to drive improvements. Facilitate better Marketing Mix.Enhance the bargaining power with the customer. extend to better Positioning of products. (Activity Based Costing, 2008). Businesses that benefit the most from activity based costing are those with high manufacturing operating expenses or overhead costs. These costs may result from a diverse disgorge or products, intensity of capital, or vertically integrated agreement of manufacturing. Activity based costing may help such businesses non completely to understand but also to control their operating expenses so as to increase their revenues (OGuin, 1991, p. 76).Organizations with large marketing, sales or distribution costs may also drag great benefits from activity based costing. As mentioned previously, this method of costing identifies those customers that are most profitable from those that are least profitable. This provides insight to management on how to improve operations. With activity based costing, such businesses may be able to answer questions such as What discounts are appropriate for large orders? What size accounts should salespersons no long-lasting call on? How effective is advertising to different markets? (OGuin, p. 76). Firms that are experiencing sluggish or low profitableness on increasing sales may be suffering from growth that is unmanaged. It may very wholesome be that these businesses are selling products at losses to a number of customers. The accounting system of accurately measuring costs, that is, activity based costing, would allow these firms to determine which of their customers and products are generating revenues and which are not (OGuin, p. 76). OGuin describes other b enefit of the activity based costing system thusEven with a diverse product line or customer base and very high profitability, a company lacking an first principle system is surprisingly vulnerable. Product profitability probably varies widely across the company. Highly profitable products cede an irresistible target to new market entrants. Management should know which products are reaping enormous margins, so they burn erect barriers to entry. (p. 76). Also according to OGuin, the activity based costing system provides not only strategic but also tactical benefits to businesses that implement it.Whereas benefits that are strategic in nature may be realized only once in a blue moon, for the simple reason that organizations screwingnot be expected to change their pricing, business operations, distribution or manufacturing processes each year tactical benefits may be realized constantly. Indeed, activity based costing could help businesses not only with reduction of overhead costs , but also just-in-time support, improvement of quality, decisions about design, and investment in capital. Thus, businesses that implement the activity based costing system may improve their profitability on an ongoing basis (OGuin, p.76). In the twenty first century, companies that have a competitive edge are those that maintain flexibility, a trend that has been recognized as a critical factor for success since the 1990s. Life cycles of products have been shortened and focus on the customer has hold out increasingly important. As economies of scale virtually disappear, manufacturing plants that are successful are those that are able to right away introduce innovative products and economically produce small quantities. Activity based costing system can help businesses tremendously to arrive at these goals.What is more, this system of costing could assist businesses of the twenty first century to achieve their goal to increase employee motivation. With the activity based costing system in place, employees increase their understanding of business activities and therefore their involvement in business operations. So, for example, whenever they see a mound of papers they would see overhead costs, leading them to the following questions Why do we have so many bills? Why are there so many process involved in our purchase orders (OGuin, p.76)? Thus, the activity based costing system encourages businesses to push their rates of cost drivers down. This helps in the reduction of time to setup, streamlines buying, in addition to time interpreted to development a product. When costs are attached to each of these processes or activities, management may not only measure but also plan improvement (OGuin, p. 76). As mentioned before, some of these improvements may have in mind reducing production of goods or service to customers that cost more to produce or service than the others.Hence, the activity based costing system may also lead the business that implements it to improve upon its marketing mixing or positioning of its products. If products and customers that cost more than the others are required by the company to produce or serve in the same quantity as before, however, activity based costing system helps the organization to improve its processes in order to decrease its costs without reducing the quantity to produce or serve. later on all, it is only possible to improve inefficient processes.Because activity based costing allows the company to weigh the costs of activities against their benefits, firms that use it are in a great position to increase the efficiency of all of their processes so as to gain competitive advantages. References Activity Based Costing. (2008). Value Based Management. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009, from http//www. valuebasedmanagement. net/methods_abc. html. Cooper, R. (1988, Summer). The Rise of Activity-Based Costing Part One What is an Activity-Based Cost System? Journal of Cost Management, pp. 45-54. OGuin, M. C. ( 1991). The Complete Guide to Activity-based Costing. Chicago, IL CCH Tax and Accounting.

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behaviour Essay cunning consumers in the modern world put up increase their vitiateing capacity of workmanic creation as paradigms shifts to acknowledgeledge and using make up concepts. Cultural diversity and technology ar developing new forms of imposture and ways to foodstuff these art plot of lands to a wider range of art consumers. However, there is no room for complacency in art managers of art galleries. It is still best to stop sound motivational theories that guide merchandising efforts towards being robust, effective and efficient.Three motivational theories had been highlighted forming a all-around(prenominal) strategy to approach art gallery selling. Maslows heirarchy of call for gives a step-by-step escalation of mans satisfaction levels. It was noted that although art cig arettenot satisfy physiological needs, consumers can still be incite to deprave art as objects to satisfy their needs of self-esteem, belongingness and need to self-ac tualize. McGuires advice on motivating good deal offers expression into the cognitive and emotive factors of mans designateing process. The more art gallery merchandise efforts issue to affective faculties of their consumers, the more selling give take place. And lastly, the theory of Freud has been chosen as an unalike guideline in defining what makes the consumer debase. Innate biological elements found in man much(prenominal) as knowledge adequate to(p) desires is the most commonly known Freudian motivation that is closely related to selling art.Construction of marketing strategies to sell art does not end in incorporating concepts from these motivation theories. These motivations must(prenominal) still zoom in on the consumer eventually. The way to fine tune the marketing strategy is to incorporate concepts found in the five-step stopping point reservation process that all consumers go by. As the art buyer goes from recognizing his need to gathering information t hat will lead him to a possible purchase, to evaluating criteria affecting his possible purchase, to his actual purchase and to coming up with insights that happens during his tin purchase, the marketing strategy of the art gallery is put into a test.INTRODUCTIONThe art market is slowly evolving. Art has evolved into many forms and galleries have transformed to accommodate a wide range of consumers. With the appropriate of innovative technology, cultural diversity and faster rile to information, art galleries been challenged to study and understand consumer behavior of this widening niche.For the last few years, the media have trumpeted contemporary art as the hottest new investment. At fairs, auction houses and galleries, an inflow of new buyersmany of them from the world of financehave entered the fray. Lifted by this tidal wave of new m stary, the number of thriving artists, galleries and consultants has rocketed upwards. (Spiegler, 2006) scarcely amidst all this buy frenzy, sellers have remained steadfast to the consumer behavior theories that guide the markets. buy behavior theories have not c assisted and remained formidable in figuring out what buyers want, why they want, how they avail of these wants and the factors that affect these decisions. Consumers of art hold supererogatory focused studies. Consumers who buy art as well as buy gas, groceries, basic services and insurance. Though there is shade in gas, groceries, basic services and insurance, these commodities does not directly fall under art. Art intersections and services be born out of a cultural industry. These consumers have their own consumer behaviors.Consumer behavior is the process involved when mortal or groups select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods, services, ideas, or vexs to satisfy their needs and desires. It is important that marketers understand consumer behavior because wants and needs argon well-provided best when marketers understand the behaviors of consumers . (Hawkins, 1998) Therefore, appropriate buyer behavior theories must be employed to so that marketing strategies to sell reapings in art galleries will be most appropriate, effective, efficient and economical.THE PRODUCT AND improvement market strategies start with knowing the product or service. Characteristics of these items for sale will be essential in finding the consumers who would want to buy them. Art encompass a wide variety of products and services. Art galleries themselves have evolved into stores that sell varied art genres depending on how one beholds something as art, from the flea markets selling antiques to the fine art galleries control by the millions.Applied and decorative art are products found in advertising, architecture and urban design. Crafts, jewelry, fashion, industrial, product and interior design fall under this art category. Entertainment art provides enjoyment services such(prenominal) as film, recording and TV programs.Fine art is do by art-for -arts-sake. It is the primary research and development segment of the arts industry. It generates enlightenment, i.e. it sheds light on the personality of the military man condition on the individual and society. It is earlier in the fine arts that new talents and technique are developed new scripts and slews created and, new images and styles set. Results of fine art RD, like the results of scientific research, are some clippings adopted by for-profit enterprises in and out of the arts industry. And, as in pure science, fine art is not financially self-supporting. The chasten to fail is an essential artistic and scientific freedom a freedom that requires patience and risk-taking on the differentiate of patrons, investors and audiences. (Chartrand, 2000)Heritage art subsumes all kind of art. It feeds contemporary art and is the one that sets standards of the following generations. This art inspires creators and enriches artists through its integration of scarcity and aesthe tic mensurate while employing a sense of brotherly relevance and cohesion. betwixt 1969 and 1989, heritage art yielded the highest return of all financial investment opportunities (The Economist July 1, 1989). Furthermore, theft of antiquities is the most moneymaking(a) international crime. Ounce for ounce, an antiquity can be more valuable than drugs. It can yield a higher return, at lower risk of being caught, and generally produces less jail time if one is convicted (Chartrand 1992a).MOTIVATIONS OF THE ART CONSUMERA soul who walks into an art gallery is differently actuate compared to a person who walks into a McDonalds burger store. A participation who buys a 10 million art work does so with objectives different from its putting up a building worth about the corresponding cost. Consumers of art are motivated differently and theories defining these motivations can swear out marketing strategist clear marketing goals and activities.Maslows Heirarchy of demandAbraham Ma slow (1908-1970) has been one of the centurys great inspiration in personality theories. The Maslows Hierarchy of inescapably as illustrated in Figure 1 has helped both researchers, scholars, scientists and most specially marketing executives on how to motivate thickenings and consumers. Maslow believes that man is motivated based on the level of satisfaction he can achieve at a particular time when the product or service is offered him. And the levels of satisfaction starts from getting his physiological needs, because his safety needs and subsequently his belonging needs, esteem needs until he arrives at his self-actualization.Figure 1. Maslows Heirarchy of Needs (Boeree, 1998)Maslow suggested the intuitively appealing notion that humans must satisfy the most basic objectives in front they can move onto higher level ones. Thus, an individual must satisfy physiological needs (such as food and liquid) before he or she will be able to expend energy on less fundamental objectives such as safety. Only when basic objectives have been met will a person move on to seek such objectives as love and belonging, and only a small nonage of mint make it as far as seeking self-actualization. (Boeree, 1998)Art consumers at the art galleries are motivated to satisfy a certain level of need as illustrated in Maslows diagram. Art definitely cannot be eaten and cannot quench physical thirst. Consumers who are still struggling to satisfy their physiological needs in the normal circumstances will not buy Art. Art buyers are unremarkably motivated to consume art to satisfy safety, belongingness, need for self-esteem and to perform their self-actualization.A person will buy art to safeguard savings. Certain works of art appreciate in value as the artist becomes more popular or when he dies. More than once, the cultural scene has witnessed these value increases and rich people have coveted owning these master tack ons not for their artistic magnificence but more for their finan cial value. A person will buy art to satisfy belongingness especially if he or she finds himself trying to get into caller-out of art buyers. Belongingness would sometimes over federal government agency physical hunger especially in these modern age when people have gone towards the limits of individualism isolating themselves from social groups that provide comfort in belongingness.In the archaeozoic years of high art, kings and queens would have their portraits painted by in house artists such as Michael Angelo and Da Vinci. These portraits help a person increase his self-esteem. Coffee shops, banks and other commercial establishment hang works of art in their walls not so much for decorative purposes but these products increase the companys self-esteem. Their clients are able to admire the company knowing that the company they chose is of the cultured type and can afford these works of art.Based on the Maslows Heirarchy of Needs, the marketing strategy must realize that in or der for art galleries to sell their products, it has to appeal to the motivations of the people walking into the gallery. These gallery visitors are basically provoke in art and the curator must work on satisfying needs. Marketing campaigns must add to satisfying clients need to raise his self-esteem or need to satisfy his belongingness. Strategies such as knowing the clients kind of groupie or the clients opinions of himself will be a few effective tactics towards forging a sale.FREUDIAN guessThough exceedingly controversial and continuously debated upon by psychoanalysts, Sigmund Freud has been the most popular theorist of the century due to the sexual nature of his findings. Basically, he suggests that (1) much behavior has a biological basis which is (2) often sexual in nature, and (3) that wee experiences in childhood will have a profound, but unconscious effect on subsequent lifee.g., people who are rejected in an early, unwritten phase of development may become oral r etentive and end up as wine connoisseurs later in life. (Hawkins, 1998)For Freud, people are motivated by their sex drives. Though some sectors of the scientific communities do not believe this, advertising, film and marketing have used the Freudian theories and have remained successful in the promotion and selling of their products. Cars, cigarette, alcohol and other vices have used sex at one point or another in their commercials, posters or corporate IDs. MTVs have evolved into using pretty boys and sexy girls to get the maximum buying power of teenagers and young adults. Even new generation anime features voluptuous heroes, heroines and villains. Wonder Woman has never been as seductive and Superman has been redrawn to sport more muscles that spell musk.Though Freud never really thought sex activity in the new millennium context, evolutionists understands this kind of sexual motivation due to the inherent nature of human beings to help the species survive and sustain power over the natural kingdom. The only way to write from defunctness is to continue procreation. In Darwinian logic, motivation to procreation is as sensible as breathing.Sex has evermore helped sell art. Art from ancient Greece such as sculptures Adonis or Venus were sometimes seen as pornographic. Though these artworks of nudity became monuments of great cities and tourist destinations that earn millions of dollars, parent of little children still become awkward explaining nudity in these kinds of art works.Marketing art with tactics from the Freudian theories that sex sells would make marketing of art forms planned in a way that it attracts sexual motivations from the buyers. Art galleries, when opening an exhibit usually employs wine, beautiful ladies in little black dresses and music that appeals to the possible clients. This type of marketing style that is steer by Freudian motivation theories supports art works that have sexual undertones already in them. occlude owner Schrager narrates the reason for buying an artwork.According to Schrager, the decision to commission Clemente for the ceiling mural and lamps was an easy one. I love Clementes work, and I thought a ceiling mural would be appropriate for the place and location. For me, a lot of Clementes work has sexual undertones, and I thought it would fit in perfectly in the bar. (Silberman, 2001)MCGUIRE THEORY OF MOTIVATIONMcGuires psychology of motivation stems from his cognitive and affective experimentations. Thinkers are seen to carry out directed-thinking tasks. These thought systems in people illustrate their motivations. Five dimensions that together provide an inclusive description of thought systems were identified. two dimensions are cognitive (1) size and (2) cognitive-affirmational bias. Two others are affective (3) affective desirability bias and (4) people-favorability bias. The ordinal dimension is (5) cognitive-affective congruence. (McGuire, 2006)McGuire believes that affective stimulus influence the cognitive aspect of human motivations more. Men and women have different thought patterns since they react differently to stimulus. Knowing this, it is important for art galleries to note who has the buying power when couples walk into the gallery to purchase the artwork. At culturally diverse markets, art managers need to address what could stimulate affective motivations in their clients. Sometimes, talking to an art manager who understands the clients affective stimulus like laundry or culture is effective.More buying power translates into more art-buying ability. Art dealers and publishers are keenly sensible of this. But what they also need to understand is that while African Americans are looking to buy more high-quality art, theyre also looking to buy from dealers and publishers who understand them and will cater to them. (Hagan, 2004)5 STAGES OF DECISION MAKING paradeEquipped with the three motivational theories above, the next important part of the marketi ng strategy is integrating the promotional or advertising activities to the five stages of the decision making process that each art buyers goes through whenever they are in making a decision whether to buy, to buy later, or not to buy.Source http//www-rohan.sdsu.edu/renglish/370/notes/chapt05/Problem realization is the stage where the buyer becomes aware of his need. Awareness of needs does not happen like magic. Need is stimulated. The client must be aware of his need from its unconscious state to the conscious and articulate status. Commercials that stimulate occupation recognition are effective because they can visually show what the client does not have and therefore, incisively by looking at advertisement, the client realizes his lack of that product thereby moving towards the process of coveting the product for himself. A blank wall will stimulate a need to buy art. An empty box can stimulate a person to acquire a statue. Occasions and celebrations from birthdays to monthl y anniversaries to grandmom or grandpop days and other more outlandish occasions can also create the rationale to make the consumers think of buying art.The second phase is where the client begins to look for information that will lead him into being able to find the product or the service that can quench his need. In the case of art galleries, a person must be able to find the art gallery. This ease of art gallery access will be attained with proper promotions and advertising. Art gallery accessibility geographically will also be essential in attracting buyers who are currently looking for information so satisfy their needs. The lucre is the latest virtual shop where buyers from around the world can be tuned in at the same time. With the Internet platform as marketing tool, selling is definitely without borders and without pressure of time. The buyer from spread of oral fissure information can also acquire details on how to locate the art gallery. Employers had always emphasise good service because positive feedback is the gateway of businesses.With the information at hand, the consumer goes to the third stage of the decision making process which is the evaluation stage where alternatives are ranked. This stage establishes the criteria for evaluation, features the buyer wants or does not want. Rank/ metric weight unit alternatives or resume search. May decide that you want to eat something spicy, indian gets highest rank. If not satisfied with your plectrum then return to the search phase. Can you think of another restaurant? Look in the yellow(a) pages etc. Information from different sources may be treated differently. Marketers try to influence by skeleton alternatives. (classnotes, 2006)Art galleries marketing strategy must make sure that the criteria set by its consumers are achieved. after(prenominal) product characteristics, price is usually the next criteria that the client considers. For art, the prices depend on a flexible standard. other pie ces are priceless while other art products are set by how the community valuates the artist. This is where the talent of the art manager or the curator comes in. Framing the art product, literally and figuratively spells putting on more weight on the piece or turning the off the clients needs which will surely fail selling the product when the fifth decision making process starts.The fourth part stage is the purchase stage. The buying value is affected by three possibilities as the client decides from whom to buy, when to buy or if the client decides not to buy. Purchase from art galleries will be affected by the price of sale, credibility of the establishment and return policies. Tax information on artwork is an important information that will tip the scales towards the sales. A news clipping shows reaction of buyers and galleries on impositions of added tax to art pieces. Paying an 8.8 percent tax on art doesnt discourage him or his wife, Virginia, from buying, but he said he c ould cipher it would slow some people down. Thats what worries the Seattle Art Museum. (Hackett, 2005)The atmosphere of the art gallery, and happiness of the shopping experience influences the time of sale. Some galleries maintain calmness in the gallery depicting unstressful experience for the buyer. Especially with purchases of millions of dollars, the atmosphere must be as much stress free as possible.The last stage of the process is the post purchase stage where the client reflects on the purchase that he did. The buyer usually compares the purchase with his expectations based on the need he originally formed. In the post purchase stage, either the art consumer is satisfied or unsatisfied with the purchase. Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction is affected by his value perceptions.Art buyers know there is inherent value in art works. Physically, art is just a piece of write up or canvass with pigment but the images and visualization that the artwork shares to the consumer i s what is of value that have been purchased. For artwork, one piece may create more value to another person depending on the level of beauty value he gets from the work of art. His satisfaction therefore depends on the value that the art product or experience in buying the artwork communicates to the buyer.Art galleries are cultural venues where patrons are soon established. The repeat-purchase behavior found in the art galleries must be high and excellent because these repeat buyers are also impulsive promotional agents of the art gallery. Appreciating an art piece in a hotel lobby, an interested consumer would normally ask where the piece was bought. And that is first lead of the art gallery that happens outside the gallery.Patrons of the art help in lessening the cognitive dissonance of art consumers. When there is a feeling of anxiety after purchase, the consumer looks for elements outside his decision that would help him be assured of his purchase and publicity of the art gall erys success or social responsibility or how famous people patronize the gallery helps in relieving cognitive dissonance in post purchase stages of consumer decision making process.CONCLUSIONEveryone buys art at one time or another. The time and cost of art that an individual buys depends on his motivations as incorporated in many studies in consumer behavior backed by psychological discourse and experimentations. With the need for the art industry to profit and keep the industry afloat, marketing strategies benefit from these motivational theories.It is safe to note that whenever a painting or a piece of art lands in a hotel lobby, or a financial establishment, a museum or alone in a living room wall, much human activity has been put into it that basically further increases its social and cultural value.ReferencesBoeree, George. 1998. Abraham Maslow. Retrieved October 31, 2006 from http//www.ship.edu/cgboeree/maslow.htmlChartrand, Harry Hillman. 2000. The Public Life of the Arts i n AmericaJoni Cherbo and M. Wyszomirski (eds),Rutgers University Press, April 2000Classnotes. 2006. Consumer Buying Behavior. Retrieved October 31, 2006 from http//www.udel.edu/alex/chapt6.htmlSilberman, Vanessa. 2000. Results of Consumer Survey Shed Light on Art Buying Behavior. Art Business News, Nov, 2000Hagan, Debbie. 2004. Black buying power shows strength in art growing incomes and more national exposure of African-American art translates into a widening base of art buyers news. Art Business News, Jan, 2004Hackett, Regina and Michelle Nicolosi. 2005. Art collectors fault state agency on tax issue. Seattle Post Intelligencer Reporters. Friday May 27, 2005. Retrieved October 31, 2006 from http//seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/226106_reactart26.html?source=rssHawkins, Del I., Roger J. Best, and Kenneth A. Coney (1998), Consumer Behavior Building Marketing Strategy, 7th ed., Boston McGraw Hill.McGuire, William J. Claire V. McGuire, Yale University. 2006. Cognitive versus affective aspects of phenomenal thought systems focused on persons. Retrieved October 31, 2006 from http//www.sydneysymposium.unsw.edu.au/1999/abstracts.htmSpiegler, Marc. 2006. Time to illuminate the Art Market? The Art Newpaper. Retrieved October 31, 2006 from http//www.forbes.com/collecting/2005/05/30/cx_0530conn_ls.html

An organised list Essay Example for Free

An organised inclining EssayThis experimentation was carried come forth by three psychology students to investigate the role of brass in memory and whether organisation of material helps memory refuse.An opportunity sample of friends and relatives were asked to take part in the study. The sample comprised 34 participants antique between 16 and 60. There were two conditions and the participants were split equally between them. In Condition 1, participants study a prepared organised list of quarrel and in Condition 2 they studied a random list. Their memory was then tested by free think back. An independent design was used and the results analysed employ the Mann-Whitney test.The results showed that organisation does play an important role in memory. Participants who studied the organised list of backchats recalled importantly to a great extent wrangle then those who studied the random list. This supports the findings of other studies into the role of organisation in m emory. emphasizeMemory is an essential part of the human make-up and without it society as we know it would not exist.Whilst there are still questions about how memories are created, stored and retrieved, it seems clear from studies that have been carried out that the more(prenominal) organised knowledge is, the easier the recall is.Bousfield (1953) showed that even when words were presented in a random line of battle, legion(predicate) participants use some formula of categorisation in order to aid their recall. Bousfield took lists of words from several different categories, such as animals or cities, and randomised them. Participants were asked to memorise the list of words and then later were asked to recall as many words as possible. Many of the participants used self imposed categories in order aid their recall of the word list. otherwise studies have looked at whether pre-organised information is easier to recall. Tulving has conducted much research into cued recall. Tu lving and Pearlstone (1966) studied the effects of cued recall. Participants were read list of words which were all under a menage name. They were asked to memorise the words but not the category headings and were then split into two congregations. When the first group were asked to recall as many words as possible, they were given over the category headings to aid them (cued recall). The second group were asked to free recall. The group which were given the category headings recalled more words suggesting that organisation into categories aids memory retrieval. inclose (1969) also studied the effects of organisation on memory. Again participants were split into two groups. Each group was shown a total of 112 words separated onto cardinal cards. One group had cards on which the words were presented in logical branching diagrams, and the second group had cards on which the words were presented randomly on the branches. The process of studying the cards and recalling as many words as they could was repeated four times. The group whose cards had been presented in a logical trend recalled all 112 words in the final two recalls the other group averaged just 70 words on the final recall. The study again suggests that material presented in logical categories is more easily stored and recalled from memory.Other investigations have been undertaken into whether memory is improved by participants organising material into categories themselves. Wittrock and Carter (1975) used lists similar to those used by Bower but the ordering of the words was in a random format. Half of the participants were asked to simply copy out the list of words, whilst the other half were asked to order them logically before writing them down. Recall was greater in those who had been asked to organise the lists of words themselves. They also carried out the same experiment but with organised lists of words. Again recall was greater in the groups that had been asked to impose their own organi sation on the lists suggesting that recall will be greater when the learner has some input into the organisation of the material.Mandler (1967) also used self categorisation within his study. Participants were given words printed on cards and asked to organise them into categories (at least 2 but no more than 7). These participants recalled more words than those who had been given words as a random list. Mandler also found that the more categories participants had used, the greater the number of words recalled. This suggests that the greater the organisation of material, the better the memory storage and retrieval. It also appears that in order to aid recall, actively organising information is at least as important as the intention to learn.The nigh efficient learners were those that actively sought to categorise the material to be learned, however, most people only did this when they were asked to do so.All of the above studies arrive at the same conclusion that the better the org anisation of information, the better the recall of that information, particularly when that information has been organised by the learner.

Woman vs Society Essay Example for Free

Woman vs Society EssayThe idea of the individual is ingrained in current smart set, where oppression, at any angle, seems foreign and is looked down upon. In contrast, the female characters in Kate Chopins The Awakening, Toni Morrisons Sula, and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, are portrayed fighting against the mans world, an atmosphere feed in our country non too long ago. Edna, Jane, and Sula all reject the parameters put upon them by company and exploit to remain separate from it ,yet vary in degree of success due to their preparedness. The call for of individuals take precedence oer societys expectations when they are oppressed still,if non prepared for the consequences of organism step forwardcasted by society, they entrust inevitably fail. Edna is the least successful among the three women, simply because she was not prepared for her alternative of lifestyle. Enda was raised in Kentucky as a Presbyterian, and moved down to the Grand Isle later o n. though she had married a Creole,she was not thoroughly at home with the Creoles(Chopin, 12) As such(prenominal), she is innately opposed to their exotic lifestyle.Edna is not confined, still she longs to be separate, distinguished from them an individual. She recognizes the importance of her identity in saying, I would give up the unessential I would give my life for my children unless I wouldnt give myself (Chopin, 64). Though her aims were iron out, Edna mud chained to society, just by having a husband and children. Edna still attempts to have an affair with Robert, effectively prisonbreak the trust and expectations of everyone around her, yet she tail assemblynot fulfill her goal, as purge Robert pushes her away for that very reason.It is impossible for her to be independent because of her upbringing. Edna longs to emulate Mademoiselle Reisz, who has reached the pinnacle of independance and freely expresses herself through the piano. The factor which differentiates Re isz from Edna is that she has left society behind, along with the option of family, whereas Edna is held back by that very thing. She sees her own children as antagonists who had overpowered and sought to drag her into the souls slavery for the rest of her days. But she knew of a way to elude them. (Chopin, 151).This took the form of Ednas suicide, resulting in not her escape from oppression, but rather signifying her defeat, acknowledging her inability to overcome societys grasp on her. Edna was prevented from actively rebelling against society, because her pre-existing commitments prevented her from doing so. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Jane Doe, though confined by her husband, is able to fight for herself to start some degree of independence. As treatment for her depression, she is put to bedrest by her physician-husband, and comes to terms with the limitation launch around her.This limitation is the assumed position of authority that a man is expected to have over a woman, espec ially his spouse. She says, I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less encounter and more society and stimulusbut John says the very worst thing I can do is think about my condition, and I confess it evermore makes me feel bad. So I will let it alone and talk about the house. (Gilman, 1) Jane has already internalized her husbands authority into her own mind, even interrupting her train of thought to his instruction.She seems to walk in line with what he is telling her to do at the end, but her own rebellious nature seeps out, marking a descent into madness. These repressed feelings are projected onto her compulsion with the wallpaper, where a portrait of Janes mind is shown. It is ultimately Johns disregarding of his wife, the hierarchy of the household, that is obligated for(p) for Janes mental breakdown. He vetoes her smallest wishes, such as when he refuses to switch bedrooms so as not to overindulge her fancies. The barrier of understanding leaves Jane no outlet for her to freely express herself.Thus, she writes. But she does this in secret, saying, there comes John, I must put this away- he hates to have me write a word. (Gilman, 2) Jane is actively disobeying her authority, but in hiding it from him she is still limited by Johns expectations of her, which is her weakness. Without him, she would be free as an individual, but John is her pre-existing conditions that holds her back. Jane likens the rest of the women in the world to her own struggle with John. There are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they all come out of that wall-paper as I did? (Gilman, 5) Jane clearly resisted in her situation, and she is specific about the women who she thinks have had to break out of the selfsame(prenominal) resistant cage that she had to. They seem so independent, so much freer than her, and after finally escaping that cage, she feels she can repair her situation to theirs. However, Janes struggle has driven he r nearly to insanity, and is now unable to be the individual that she strove to be in the beginning. In recognizing the barrier to her individuality, Jane is able to actively rebel against the constructs set by society against women, but at the same time she submits because of her commitment to John.Putting herself in that position causes her to lose herself as a whole, making all of her struggle in vain. Sula differs from both Edna and Jane in that she defies her place in society at a young age and becomes a model individual. When she was a child, Sula lived in a chaotic household, preferring the quiet one of Nel. Sula is not often characterized as the calm individual, but she is depict as universe able to sit on Helenes red-velvet sofa for ten to twenty minutes at a time still as dawn (Morrison, 29).It is very easy to forget this Sula as the narrative progresses, but this passage shows Sulas search for identity. She is shaping her self into who she insufficiencys to be, markin g a contradiction of craving the order that she does not have in her home. This state does not last indefinitely there is a corner point where she changes into her defiant self. As she recalls from her deathbed, The one time she tried to comfort Nel, she had cut stumble her own fingertip and earned not Nels gratitude but her disgust. From then on she had let her emotions impose her behavior. (Morrison, 140).To her, this was logical and rational, but receives the complete opposite reaction from what she had hoped for. This is a defining point in her life, which is responsible for the disruption she causes in all of the people who interact with her. Sula returns to the Bottom as an adult, characterized not so much as a person, than as a force of nature. She has accepted the consequence of alienation and rejection The restrictive nature of society still confronts her. Eva berates Sula for not marrying or having children, but in response, she states, I dont want to make somebody el se. I want to make myself(Morrison, 92).As a women, she is expected of these things, but it is clear that Sula desires to control her identity. She recognizes that any person or thing that compromises her self-determination will limit her from being an individual, by being bound to societys standards. Yet even Sula falls target area to to this trap, in her relationship with Ajax. There was the morning when she actually wondered if Ajax would come by that day. (Morrison, 131) Through their encounters, Sula was always cautious to keep him under her control, but that morning reveals an emotional attachment to him, however small.This minor decimal point turns out to be the beginning of her slow death as an individual- this is to be expected-after a life of such detachment from repressive society, the smallest disturbance would amplify itself to ruin her. Only those who are completely isolated from society are able to withstand its parasitic effect on the individual, but Sula, though prepared for the isolation, is caught off guard, and suffers for it. Women in the times of these books are set under strict guidelines by society, and they all recognize it, and attempt to free themselves by seeking their individual self.Edna, Jane, And Sula vary in degree of success, a point of intersection of their upbringing, and their ability or inability to accept the consequences of being an individual. Through these oppressed female characters, we see the diverse outcome of the sacrifice required for independance, but their ties to society bring them down. Is it ever possible to be a distinct individual in any society? Even Sula, who goes to such extremes, fails. How much more do modern people need to strive for this characteristic? Todays western thinking has boost the idea, but perhaps their individual is not truly as free as it claims to be.

Essay on Mobile Revolution Essay Example for Free

Essay on Mobile Revolution EssayMobiles ar no more a luxury or a life style product. Mobile ph ones, which were one of the beautiful possessions of anybody not until a decade ago, have right off become a emergency to the common man. The entry of private service providers with CTMA, GSM and of course, 3G technologies has changed the Communication sector in India beyond imagination. Many new competitors have entered the ready market resulting in reduction of the STD rates and topical anaesthetic betoken rates. Plans are in like manner on anvil to enable diligent users to switch over to new(prenominal) service providers with step up changing their number, also called Mobile Number Portability (MNP). The mobile users in India have increase staggeringly during the last decade. Youth, both in folksy and urban India, have welcomed and accepted mobiles with open hands. The decrease in call rates can be imagined from the fact that it cost around? 16 per minute when mobiles were introduced in India and today it costs as little as 1 paisa per 2 seconds offered by companies like MTS. stock-still the size of mobile phones has changed to an unimaginable level. They have become very handy today compared to their walkie-talkie likeness when they were introduced.The immense benefit offered by a mobile has triggered this revolution. With a mobile phone in hand, one can be available round the clock, and can get the up-to-date information on anything. The availableness of internet on mobile phones has increased its utility tremendously. It has made mobile phones, to an extent, an essential item for showing out a business transaction. The facility of sending short inwardnesss or pictures enables a person to send the message across without actually bothering to disturb the other person.For traders, it helps them get the price details of any products without stock-still saving the products to the market. The introduction of mobile banking helps people carry their bank in their mobile. Some people even carry their office in their mobile phones. However, mobile phones also have some demerits as they can be used to detonate bombs. Some instruments which have cameras in them can be used for taking superfluous photographs. Constant use of mobile phones may create health problems and increase risk of accidents on road.In spite of these demerits, mobile phones are becoming popular day-by-day as their advantages fairly outweigh the demerits. In fact, the mobile revolution has occurred very fast in India. This symbolizes the countrys transformation from an inward looking tentative nature to a confident and resurgent global economic power. The mobile phone service providers have also increased manifold during the years. Some of the important market players are Aircel, Airtel, BSNL, MTNL, Idea Cellular, Tata Indicom, Tata DoCoMo, Reliance Communications, Virgin Mobile, Vodafone, Videocon Telecommunications, MTS India and Spice Telecom. rase in rural I ndia, mobile phone has brought a tremendous change to rural telephony, marginalizing the middlemen and empowering women, strengthened by the formation of self-help groups. It has vastly improved access to information and helped in the explosive growth in connectivity. rase at sea, fishermen in Kerala use the mobiles to keep track of rates for their catch in the market. The improvement in infrastructure and support from the Government has acted as a catalyst for mobiles to make tremendous inroads into rural India.The parting of mobile telephones are varied, in that, they help assess the market information, coordinate travel and transport, manage outdoor(a) activities and increase the remunerative working days. As a result, the rural trade scenario has also undergone a change. Today, the rural consumer is better informed and price conscious. The total mobile penetration is increasing at a firm pace with companies like Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Reliance Communications, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone, Tata Teleservices, etc. aving unveiled big network expansion plans and innovative marketing strategies specially tailored region-wise. Some of these companies are using a door-to-door marketing strategy in villages and B and C category census towns. They are involving members of gram panchayats and trained market-feelers to make residents aware of the benefit of mobile telephony and how the system of pre-paid refills work. Handset manufacturers too are gearing up with Nokia incorporating nine Indian languages on certain handsets to promote sales.Value-for- money handsets priced between 1,000 and 1,400 with a plethora of tariff plans to choose from is also one of the reasons for driving subscription growth in these regions. Handsets are being imported in bulk by some service providers. It is expected that voice short messaging service will become a focus area in future, especially in rural areas and service providers are already formulation implementation of the s ame. The pace at which mobile revolution has occurred in India can be attributed to the easy to scan operations.For an illiterate, mobiles phones were so easy to operate that they needed to understand only two buttons the green button for answering a call and the red button for disconnecting a call. Everything else can be learnt with usage and passage of time. steady today, most of the mobiles are used on this two button principle, which makes it a popular device. Gone are the days when people use to queue up before a Public Call military position (PCO) and wait their turn for an hour, only to end up without connectivity.Mobile phones have also removed the necessity to remember telephone numbers of other people. In-built phone books in the instruments enable a person to call the other person, without ever having to remember the other persons number. Actually, mobile phones have become an all-in-one tool in the pocket, which has replaced even the old pocket diary. It is also slowl y replacing purse, with the introduction of mobile transactions. No wonder, life without mobile phones have become unimaginable and unthinkable to many.

Their Eyes Were Watching God - Rebirth of Transcendentalism Essay Example for Free

Their Eyes Were Watching God Rebirth of Transcendentalism EssayA coulomb elapsed between the period of transcendentalism and the publication of Zora Neale Hurstons novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. During this time, the philosophies of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau bleached as the post-war era of tender realism began to dominate Ameri derriere culture and American literature. Thus, Their Eyes, published in 1937, was scorned and criticized by many for not being political or serious enough.It was not until twenty years after Hurstons death that people began to appreciate Hurstons works, especi exclusivelyy Their Eyes, as authoritative literatures in the African American and the American feminist movements. With further analysis, although Their Eyes is a modern novel, it genuinely takes the readers back to the period of Thoreau and Emerson Their Eyes Were Watching God possesses elements of transcendentalism presumption, nonconformity, and the oer- sense a s supported by the essays of transcendentalist thinkers.To begin, a fundamental idea of transcendentalism is self-reliance, which stresses a persons own judgment and intuition. Janie, the protagonist of Their Eyes, shows self-reliance when she uses her own judgments for the struggles she faces. For example, as she realizes that her wedlock with Jody is tumbling down, she saw that it never was the flesh and blood figure of her dreams. honest something she had grabbed up to drape her dreams over. She had an inside and an emergeside nowadays and suddenly she knew how not to mix them (Hurston, 72).Janie knows her goals and desires, both be which shattered by Jody, so she must now distinguish the difference between the lies and the truth of her dream. unneurotic with courage, her intuition gives her the strength to speak up to Jody on his death bed. Moreover, when she fin aloney finds the revel of her life, she feels a self-crushing love, allowing her mind to crawl from its hid ing place (Hurston, 128). She doesnt hide her feelings but goes to pursue her lover, teatime Cake. She is strong-will and has control over her feelings and thoughts.Even Tea Cake encourages Janie to use her own mind, Nobody else on earth kin stimulate uh candle tuh you, baby. You got de keys to de kingdom (Hurston, 109). As Emerson would say that Janie possesses transcendentalist ideals because, She has the integrity of her own mind What she must do is all that concerns her, not what the people think (Emerson, 80). Her past experiences and her present judgments lead Janie to maker her own path in the future. Only when Janie relies on herself and holds her keys to de kingdom does she find her happiness and reach her dream.Furthermore, another element of transcendentalism is nonconformity, or individualism, which stresses the importance of finding ones identity instead of giving in to society. Emerson explains nonconformity as the great man who in the midst of the crowd keeps with p erfect sweetness the independence of solitude (Emerson 80). Janie shows just now this on the day she arrives back in Eatonville. Dressed in her blue satin dress, she confidently walks past the women and men, ignoring their poisonous gossips and leaving them in awe. Despite her solitude due to Tea Cakes death, Janie welcomes her independence she is short at ease with herself.Moreover, Thoreau also writes about nonconformity he writes, The only obligation which I pass on a dependable to assume is to do at any time what I think right They only can force me who observe a higher law than I (Thoreau, 104). Janie shares Thoreaus positioning when she stands up to both of her late husbands and declares what she believes is right. Logan tells her that she doesnt belong anywhere but Its wherever Ah impoverishment yuh (Hurston, 31). This is probably the worst thing he can say to his newlywed its hurtful, disparaging, and disrespectful.However, unlike all the other women, such as Nanny, during the time, Janie stands up for herself by yelling back at his wrongs so she can gain back her independence and dignity. As for Jody a husband who makes her tie her hair back, denies her of speech and social interaction, and abuses her Janie finally takes up the courage to tell the truth at his deathbed. All dis bowin down, all dis obedience under(a) yo voicedat aint whut Ah rushed off down de road tuh find out about you (Hurston, 86). Jody has crushed her hopes and dreams and her image of love, and shes not about to let him forget that.She would not obey she has no obligation to obey. After Jodys death, Janie is finally free. Even more, she feels no remorse and she doesnt sorrow because the lost of her husband gives her back her individuality. Last but not least, the over-soul is another focal point of transcendentalism it connects God, Nature, and Man. Emerson writes in his essay, Over-soul, We live in succession, in division, in parts, in particles. Meantime within man is the soul of the whole the wise silence the universal beauty, to which every part and particle is equally related the perfect(a) One (Emerson, Over-soul).This over-soul connects the broken pieces of the universe together. Hurstons Their Eyes contains many details that support the over-soul. For instance, in the set out Janie saw a dust-bearing bee sink into the sanctum of a bloom the thousand sister-calyxes arch to meet the love embrace and the ecstatic shiver of the tree form root to tiniest branch creaming in every vertex and frothing with delight (Hurston, 11). This imagery of the bee and the flower symbolizes Janies dream. The bee and the flower coexisted in harmony, just like what Janie hopes her marriage will be.This is Janies innocent soul as depicted by nature. Later on however, as shes forced into marrying a man she doesnt love, she begins to know the words of the trees and the wind. She often spoke to fall seeds and said, Ah hope you fall on soft ground Janies first dream was dead, so she became a woman (Hurston 25). As she begins to mature more, she also begins to understand the sound of nature. Nature and Janies souls appear to be one, united and growing together. She talks to the seeds, warning them, sympathizing with them of a world that can be disappointing and unfair.Finally, after she shoots her beloved Tea Cake in order to protect herself, Hurston writes that Janie pulled in her horizon like a great fish-net. Pulled it from around the waist of the world and draped it over her shoulder. So much of life in its meshes She called in her soul to come and see (Hurston, 193). Although it was a tragic and sudden death, Janie is in peace. The love of Tea Cake will not be forgotten because he will always be with her. Janie now understands the mysteries of nature and her world she is ready for whatever that may come. Janie has learned and grown, most importantly, she has found her soul.All in all, a century later, Their Eyes Were Watching God lea ds to the rebirth of transcendentalist ideas, including but not limited to self-reliance, nonconformity, and the over-soul. end-to-end her journey, Janie begins to identify herself as a self-reliant individual with a soul, all of which are transcendental characteristics. In the mid 1900s, because of the on going civil rights movements, an African American woman is the least expected person to posses all these traits. Even so, Janie Crawford becomes a prominent literature figure that gives people hopes and dreams, while fulfilling those of Emerson and Thoreau.Bibliography Emerson, Ralph Waldo. From Self-Reliance. The InterActive reviewer Plus. Illinoise McDougal Littell, 2003. 78-83. Print. Ferguson, Craig. Ralph Waldo Emerson Within Man Is the Soul of the Whole the Wise Silence the Universal Beauty Transcendental MeditationBlog. N. p. , 27 Mar. 2010. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. . Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God A Novel. New York Perennial Library, 1990. Print. Thoreau, H entry David. From Civil Disobedience. The InterActive Reader Plus. Illinoise McDougal Littell, 2003. 90-105. Print.